glibmm: Glib::ustring Class Reference

Glib::ustring has much the same interface as std::string, but contains Unicode characters encoded as UTF-8. More...

#include <glibmm/ustring.h>

List of all members.

Public Types

typedef std::string::size_type size_type
typedef

std::string::difference_type 
difference_type
typedef gunichar value_type
typedef gunichar& reference
typedef const gunichar& const_reference
typedef ustring_Iterator

< std::string::iterator > 
iterator
typedef ustring_Iterator

< std::string::const_iterator > 
const_iterator
typedef std::reverse_iterator

< iterator
reverse_iterator
typedef std::reverse_iterator

< const_iterator
const_reverse_iterator

Public Member Functions

 ustring ()
 ~ustring ()
 ustring (const ustring& other)
ustringoperator= (const ustring& other)
void swap (ustring& other)
 ustring (const std::string& src)
 ustring (const ustring& src, size_type i, size_type n=npos)
 ustring (const char* src, size_type n)
 ustring (const char* src)
 ustring (size_type n, gunichar uc)
 ustring (size_type n, char c)
template<class In >
 ustring (In pbegin, In pend)
Assign new contents.
ustringoperator= (const std::string& src)
ustringoperator= (const char* src)
ustringoperator= (gunichar uc)
ustringoperator= (char c)
ustringassign (const ustring& src)
ustringassign (const ustring& src, size_type i, size_type n)
ustringassign (const char* src, size_type n)
ustringassign (const char* src)
ustringassign (size_type n, gunichar uc)
ustringassign (size_type n, char c)
template<class In >
ustringassign (In pbegin, In pend)
Append to the string.
ustringoperator+= (const ustring& src)
ustringoperator+= (const char* src)
ustringoperator+= (gunichar uc)
ustringoperator+= (char c)
void push_back (gunichar uc)
void push_back (char c)
ustringappend (const ustring& src)
ustringappend (const ustring& src, size_type i, size_type n)
ustringappend (const char* src, size_type n)
ustringappend (const char* src)
ustringappend (size_type n, gunichar uc)
ustringappend (size_type n, char c)
template<class In >
ustringappend (In pbegin, In pend)
Insert into the string.
ustringinsert (size_type i, const ustring& src)
ustringinsert (size_type i, const ustring& src, size_type i2, size_type n)
ustringinsert (size_type i, const char* src, size_type n)
ustringinsert (size_type i, const char* src)
ustringinsert (size_type i, size_type n, gunichar uc)
ustringinsert (size_type i, size_type n, char c)
iterator insert (iterator p, gunichar uc)
iterator insert (iterator p, char c)
void insert (iterator p, size_type n, gunichar uc)
void insert (iterator p, size_type n, char c)
template<class In >
void insert (iterator p, In pbegin, In pend)
Replace sub-strings.
ustringreplace (size_type i, size_type n, const ustring& src)
ustringreplace (size_type i, size_type n, const ustring& src, size_type i2, size_type n2)
ustringreplace (size_type i, size_type n, const char* src, size_type n2)
ustringreplace (size_type i, size_type n, const char* src)
ustringreplace (size_type i, size_type n, size_type n2, gunichar uc)
ustringreplace (size_type i, size_type n, size_type n2, char c)
ustringreplace (iterator pbegin, iterator pend, const ustring& src)
ustringreplace (iterator pbegin, iterator pend, const char* src, size_type n)
ustringreplace (iterator pbegin, iterator pend, const char* src)
ustringreplace (iterator pbegin, iterator pend, size_type n, gunichar uc)
ustringreplace (iterator pbegin, iterator pend, size_type n, char c)
template<class In >
ustringreplace (iterator pbegin, iterator pend, In pbegin2, In pend2)
Erase sub-strings.
void clear ()
ustringerase (size_type i, size_type n=npos)
ustringerase ()
iterator erase (iterator p)
iterator erase (iterator pbegin, iterator pend)
Compare and collate.
int compare (const ustring& rhs) const
int compare (const char* rhs) const
int compare (size_type i, size_type n, const ustring& rhs) const
int compare (size_type i, size_type n, const ustring& rhs, size_type i2, size_type n2) const
int compare (size_type i, size_type n, const char* rhs, size_type n2) const
int compare (size_type i, size_type n, const char* rhs) const
std::string collate_key () const
std::string casefold_collate_key () const
Extract characters and sub-strings.
value_type operator[] (size_type i) const
value_type at (size_type i) const
ustring substr (size_type i=0, size_type n=npos) const
Access a sequence of characters.
iterator begin ()
iterator end ()
const_iterator begin () const
const_iterator end () const
reverse_iterator rbegin ()
reverse_iterator rend ()
const_reverse_iterator rbegin () const
const_reverse_iterator rend () const
Find sub-strings.
size_type find (const ustring& str, size_type i=0) const
size_type find (const char* str, size_type i, size_type n) const
size_type find (const char* str, size_type i=0) const
size_type find (gunichar uc, size_type i=0) const
size_type find (char c, size_type i=0) const
size_type rfind (const ustring& str, size_type i=npos) const
size_type rfind (const char* str, size_type i, size_type n) const
size_type rfind (const char* str, size_type i=npos) const
size_type rfind (gunichar uc, size_type i=npos) const
size_type rfind (char c, size_type i=npos) const
Match against a set of characters.
size_type find_first_of (const ustring& match, size_type i=0) const
size_type find_first_of (const char* match, size_type i, size_type n) const
size_type find_first_of (const char* match, size_type i=0) const
size_type find_first_of (gunichar uc, size_type i=0) const
size_type find_first_of (char c, size_type i=0) const
size_type find_last_of (const ustring& match, size_type i=npos) const
size_type find_last_of (const char* match, size_type i, size_type n) const
size_type find_last_of (const char* match, size_type i=npos) const
size_type find_last_of (gunichar uc, size_type i=npos) const
size_type find_last_of (char c, size_type i=npos) const
size_type find_first_not_of (const ustring& match, size_type i=0) const
size_type find_first_not_of (const char* match, size_type i, size_type n) const
size_type find_first_not_of (const char* match, size_type i=0) const
size_type find_first_not_of (gunichar uc, size_type i=0) const
size_type find_first_not_of (char c, size_type i=0) const
size_type find_last_not_of (const ustring& match, size_type i=npos) const
size_type find_last_not_of (const char* match, size_type i, size_type n) const
size_type find_last_not_of (const char* match, size_type i=npos) const
size_type find_last_not_of (gunichar uc, size_type i=npos) const
size_type find_last_not_of (char c, size_type i=npos) const
Retrieve the string's size.
bool empty () const
 Returns true if the string is empty.

size_type size () const
 Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any null-termination.

size_type length () const
 This is the same as size().

size_type bytes () const
 Returns the number of bytes in the string, not including any null-termination.

Change the string's size.
void resize (size_type n, gunichar uc)
void resize (size_type n, char c='\0')
Control the allocated memory.
size_type capacity () const
size_type max_size () const
void reserve (size_type n=0)
Get a per-byte representation of the string.
 operator std::string () const
const std::stringraw () const
const char* data () const
const char* c_str () const
size_type copy (char* dest, size_type n, size_type i=0) const
UTF-8 utilities.
bool validate () const
bool validate (iterator& first_invalid)
bool validate (const_iterator& first_invalid) const
bool is_ascii () const
ustring normalize (NormalizeMode mode=NORMALIZE_DEFAULT_COMPOSE) const
Character case conversion.
ustring uppercase () const
ustring lowercase () const
ustring casefold () const

Static Public Member Functions

Message formatting.
template<class T1 >
static ustring compose (const ustring& fmt)
template<class T1 >
static ustring compose (const ustring& fmt, const T1& a1)
template<class T1 , class T2 >
static ustring compose (const ustring& fmt, const T1& a1, const T2& a2)
template<class T1 , class T2 , class T3 >
static ustring compose (const ustring& fmt, const T1& a1, const T2& a2, const T3& a3)
template<class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 >
static ustring compose (const ustring& fmt, const T1& a1, const T2& a2, const T3& a3, const T4& a4)
template<class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 , class T5 >
static ustring compose (const ustring& fmt, const T1& a1, const T2& a2, const T3& a3, const T4& a4, const T5& a5)
template<class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 , class T5 , class T6 >
static ustring compose (const ustring& fmt, const T1& a1, const T2& a2, const T3& a3, const T4& a4, const T5& a5, const T6& a6)
template<class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 , class T5 , class T6 , class T7 >
static ustring compose (const ustring& fmt, const T1& a1, const T2& a2, const T3& a3, const T4& a4, const T5& a5, const T6& a6, const T7& a7)
template<class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 , class T5 , class T6 , class T7 , class T8 >
static ustring compose (const ustring& fmt, const T1& a1, const T2& a2, const T3& a3, const T4& a4, const T5& a5, const T6& a6, const T7& a7, const T8& a8)
template<class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 , class T5 , class T6 , class T7 , class T8 , class T9 >
static ustring compose (const ustring& fmt, const T1& a1, const T2& a2, const T3& a3, const T4& a4, const T5& a5, const T6& a6, const T7& a7, const T8& a8, const T9& a9)
template<class T1 >
static ustring format (const T1& a1)
template<class T1 , class T2 >
static ustring format (const T1& a1, const T2& a2)
template<class T1 , class T2 , class T3 >
static ustring format (const T1& a1, const T2& a2, const T3& a3)
template<class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 >
static ustring format (const T1& a1, const T2& a2, const T3& a3, const T4& a4)
template<class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 , class T5 >
static ustring format (const T1& a1, const T2& a2, const T3& a3, const T4& a4, const T5& a5)
template<class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 , class T5 , class T6 >
static ustring format (const T1& a1, const T2& a2, const T3& a3, const T4& a4, const T5& a5, const T6& a6)
template<class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 , class T5 , class T6 , class T7 >
static ustring format (const T1& a1, const T2& a2, const T3& a3, const T4& a4, const T5& a5, const T6& a6, const T7& a7)
template<class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 , class T5 , class T6 , class T7 , class T8 >
static ustring format (const T1& a1, const T2& a2, const T3& a3, const T4& a4, const T5& a5, const T6& a6, const T7& a7, const T8& a8)

Static Public Attributes

static const size_type npos = std::string::npos

Related Functions

(Note that these are not member functions.)

std::istreamoperator>> (std::istream& is, Glib::ustring& utf8_string)
 Stream input operator.

std::ostreamoperator<< (std::ostream& os, const Glib::ustring& utf8_string)
 Stream output operator.

std::wistreamoperator>> (std::wistream& is, ustring& utf8_string)
 Wide stream input operator.

std::wostreamoperator<< (std::wostream& os, const ustring& utf8_string)
 Wide stream output operator.

void swap (ustring& lhs, ustring& rhs)
bool operator== (const ustring& lhs, const ustring& rhs)
bool operator== (const ustring& lhs, const char* rhs)
bool operator== (const char* lhs, const ustring& rhs)
bool operator!= (const ustring& lhs, const ustring& rhs)
bool operator!= (const ustring& lhs, const char* rhs)
bool operator!= (const char* lhs, const ustring& rhs)
bool operator< (const ustring& lhs, const ustring& rhs)
bool operator< (const ustring& lhs, const char* rhs)
bool operator< (const char* lhs, const ustring& rhs)
bool operator> (const ustring& lhs, const ustring& rhs)
bool operator> (const ustring& lhs, const char* rhs)
bool operator> (const char* lhs, const ustring& rhs)
bool operator<= (const ustring& lhs, const ustring& rhs)
bool operator<= (const ustring& lhs, const char* rhs)
bool operator<= (const char* lhs, const ustring& rhs)
bool operator>= (const ustring& lhs, const ustring& rhs)
bool operator>= (const ustring& lhs, const char* rhs)
bool operator>= (const char* lhs, const ustring& rhs)
ustring operator+ (const ustring& lhs, const ustring& rhs)
ustring operator+ (const ustring& lhs, const char* rhs)
ustring operator+ (const char* lhs, const ustring& rhs)
ustring operator+ (const ustring& lhs, gunichar rhs)
ustring operator+ (gunichar lhs, const ustring& rhs)
ustring operator+ (const ustring& lhs, char rhs)
ustring operator+ (char lhs, const ustring& rhs)

Detailed Description

Glib::ustring has much the same interface as std::string, but contains Unicode characters encoded as UTF-8.

About UTF-8 and ASCII
The standard character set ANSI_X3.4-1968 – more commonly known as ASCII – is a subset of UTF-8. So, if you want to, you can use Glib::ustring without even thinking about UTF-8.
Whenever ASCII is mentioned in this manual, we mean the real ASCII (i.e. as defined in ANSI_X3.4-1968), which contains only 7-bit characters. Glib::ustring can not be used with ASCII-compatible extended 8-bit charsets like ISO-8859-1. It's a good idea to avoid string literals containing non-ASCII characters (e.g. German umlauts) in source code, or at least you should use UTF-8 literals.
You can find a detailed UTF-8 and Unicode FAQ here: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html
Glib::ustring vs. std::string
Glib::ustring has implicit type conversions to and from std::string. These conversions do not convert to/from the current locale (see Glib::locale_from_utf8() and Glib::locale_to_utf8() if you need that). You can always use std::string instead of Glib::ustring – however, using std::string with multi-byte characters is quite hard. For instance, std::string::operator[] might return a byte in the middle of a character, and std::string::length() returns the number of bytes rather than characters. So don't do that without a good reason.
In a perfect world the C++ Standard Library would contain a UTF-8 string class. Unfortunately, the C++ standard doesn't mention UTF-8 at all. Note that std::wstring is not a UTF-8 string class because it contains only fixed-width characters (where width could be 32, 16, or even 8 bits).
Glib::ustring and stream input/output
The stream I/O operators, that is operator<<() and operator>>(), perform implicit charset conversion to/from the current locale. If that's not what you intented (e.g. when writing to a configuration file that should always be UTF-8 encoded) use ustring::raw() to override this behaviour.
If you're using std::ostringstream to build strings for display in the user interface, you must convert the result back to UTF-8 as shown below:
output.imbue(std::locale("")); // use the user's locale for this stream
output << percentage << " % done";
label->set_text(Glib::locale_to_utf8(output.str()));
Formatted output and internationalization
The methods ustring::compose() and ustring::format() provide a convenient and powerful alternative to string streams, as shown in the example below. Refer to the method documentation of compose() and format() for details.
ustring message = ustring::compose("%1 is lower than 0x%2.",
Implementation notes
Glib::ustring does not inherit from std::string, because std::string was intended to be a final class. For instance, it does not have a virtual destructor. Also, a HAS-A relationship is more appropriate because ustring can't just enhance the std::string interface. Rather, it has to reimplement the interface so that all operations are based on characters instead of bytes.

Member Typedef Documentation

typedef ustring_Iterator<std::string::const_iterator> Glib::ustring::const_iterator
typedef const gunichar& Glib::ustring::const_reference
typedef std::string::difference_type Glib::ustring::difference_type
typedef ustring_Iterator<std::string::iterator> Glib::ustring::iterator
typedef gunichar& Glib::ustring::reference
typedef gunichar Glib::ustring::value_type

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

Glib::ustring::ustring ( )

Default constructor, which creates an empty string.

Glib::ustring::~ustring ( )
Glib::ustring::ustring ( const ustring other)

Construct a ustring as a copy of another ustring.

Parameters:
otherA source string.
Glib::ustring::ustring ( const std::string src)

Construct a ustring as a copy of another std::string.

Parameters:
srcA source std::string containing text encoded as UTF-8.
Glib::ustring::ustring ( const ustring src,
size_type  i,
size_type  n = npos 
)

Construct a ustring as a copy of a substring.

Parameters:
srcSource ustring.
iIndex of first character to copy from.
nNumber of UTF-8 characters to copy (defaults to copying the remainder).
Glib::ustring::ustring ( const char *  src,
size_type  n 
)

Construct a ustring as a partial copy of a C string.

Parameters:
srcSource C string encoded as UTF-8.
nNumber of UTF-8 characters to copy.
Glib::ustring::ustring ( const char *  src)

Construct a ustring as a copy of a C string.

Parameters:
srcSource C string encoded as UTF-8.
Glib::ustring::ustring ( size_type  n,
gunichar  uc 
)

Construct a ustring as multiple characters.

Parameters:
nNumber of characters.
ucUCS-4 code point to use.
Glib::ustring::ustring ( size_type  n,
char  c 
)

Construct a ustring as multiple characters.

Parameters:
nNumber of characters.
cASCII character to use.
template <class In >
Glib::ustring::ustring ( In  pbegin,
In  pend 
)

Construct a ustring as a copy of a range.

Parameters:
pbeginStart of range.
pendEnd of range.

Member Function Documentation

ustring& Glib::ustring::append ( const ustring src)
ustring& Glib::ustring::append ( const ustring src,
size_type  i,
size_type  n 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::append ( const char *  src,
size_type  n 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::append ( const char *  src)
ustring& Glib::ustring::append ( size_type  n,
gunichar  uc 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::append ( size_type  n,
char  c 
)
template <class In >
ustring& Glib::ustring::append ( In  pbegin,
In  pend 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::assign ( const ustring src)
ustring& Glib::ustring::assign ( const ustring src,
size_type  i,
size_type  n 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::assign ( const char *  src,
size_type  n 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::assign ( const char *  src)
ustring& Glib::ustring::assign ( size_type  n,
gunichar  uc 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::assign ( size_type  n,
char  c 
)
template <class In >
ustring& Glib::ustring::assign ( In  pbegin,
In  pend 
)
value_type Glib::ustring::at ( size_type  i) const

No reference return; use replace() to write characters.

Exceptions:
std::out_of_range
iterator Glib::ustring::begin ( )
const_iterator Glib::ustring::begin ( ) const
size_type Glib::ustring::bytes ( ) const

Returns the number of bytes in the string, not including any null-termination.

Returns:
The number of bytes.
See also:
size(), empty()
const char* Glib::ustring::c_str ( ) const
size_type Glib::ustring::capacity ( ) const
ustring Glib::ustring::casefold ( ) const

Returns a caseless representation of the UTF-8 string. The resulting string doesn't correspond to any particular case, therefore the result is only useful to compare strings and should never be displayed to the user.

std::string Glib::ustring::casefold_collate_key ( ) const

Create a unique key for the UTF-8 string that can be used for caseless sorting. ustr.casefold_collate_key() results in the same string as ustr.casefold().collate_key(), but the former is likely more efficient.

void Glib::ustring::clear ( )
std::string Glib::ustring::collate_key ( ) const

Create a unique sorting key for the UTF-8 string. If you need to compare UTF-8 strings regularly, e.g. for sorted containers such as std::set<>, you should consider creating a collate key first and compare this key instead of the actual string.

The ustring::compare() methods as well as the relational operators == != < > <= >= are quite costly because they have to deal with Unicode and the collation rules defined by the current locale. Converting both operands to UCS-4 is just the first of several costly steps involved when comparing ustrings. So be careful.

int Glib::ustring::compare ( const ustring rhs) const
int Glib::ustring::compare ( const char *  rhs) const
int Glib::ustring::compare ( size_type  i,
size_type  n,
const ustring rhs 
) const
int Glib::ustring::compare ( size_type  i,
size_type  n,
const ustring rhs,
size_type  i2,
size_type  n2 
) const
int Glib::ustring::compare ( size_type  i,
size_type  n,
const char *  rhs,
size_type  n2 
) const
int Glib::ustring::compare ( size_type  i,
size_type  n,
const char *  rhs 
) const
template <class T1 >
static ustring Glib::ustring::compose ( const ustring fmt)
inlinestatic
template <class T1 >
static ustring Glib::ustring::compose ( const ustring fmt,
const T1 &  a1 
)
inlinestatic

Substitute placeholders in a format string with the referenced arguments. The template string should be in qt-format, that is "%1", "%2", ..., "%9" are used as placeholders and "%%" denotes a literal "%". Substitutions may be reordered.

Example:
const int percentage = 50;
const ustring text = ustring::compose("%1%% done", percentage);
Parameters:
fmtA template string in qt-format.
a1The argument to substitute for "%1".
Returns:
The substituted message string.
Exceptions:
Glib::ConvertError
Since glibmm 2.16:
template <class T1 , class T2 >
static ustring Glib::ustring::compose ( const ustring fmt,
const T1 &  a1,
const T2 &  a2 
)
inlinestatic
template <class T1 , class T2 , class T3 >
static ustring Glib::ustring::compose ( const ustring fmt,
const T1 &  a1,
const T2 &  a2,
const T3 &  a3 
)
inlinestatic
template <class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 >
static ustring Glib::ustring::compose ( const ustring fmt,
const T1 &  a1,
const T2 &  a2,
const T3 &  a3,
const T4 &  a4 
)
inlinestatic
template <class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 , class T5 >
static ustring Glib::ustring::compose ( const ustring fmt,
const T1 &  a1,
const T2 &  a2,
const T3 &  a3,
const T4 &  a4,
const T5 &  a5 
)
inlinestatic
template <class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 , class T5 , class T6 >
static ustring Glib::ustring::compose ( const ustring fmt,
const T1 &  a1,
const T2 &  a2,
const T3 &  a3,
const T4 &  a4,
const T5 &  a5,
const T6 &  a6 
)
inlinestatic
template <class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 , class T5 , class T6 , class T7 >
static ustring Glib::ustring::compose ( const ustring fmt,
const T1 &  a1,
const T2 &  a2,
const T3 &  a3,
const T4 &  a4,
const T5 &  a5,
const T6 &  a6,
const T7 &  a7 
)
inlinestatic
template <class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 , class T5 , class T6 , class T7 , class T8 >
static ustring Glib::ustring::compose ( const ustring fmt,
const T1 &  a1,
const T2 &  a2,
const T3 &  a3,
const T4 &  a4,
const T5 &  a5,
const T6 &  a6,
const T7 &  a7,
const T8 &  a8 
)
inlinestatic
template <class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 , class T5 , class T6 , class T7 , class T8 , class T9 >
static ustring Glib::ustring::compose ( const ustring fmt,
const T1 &  a1,
const T2 &  a2,
const T3 &  a3,
const T4 &  a4,
const T5 &  a5,
const T6 &  a6,
const T7 &  a7,
const T8 &  a8,
const T9 &  a9 
)
inlinestatic
size_type Glib::ustring::copy ( char *  dest,
size_type  n,
size_type  i = 0 
) const
Returns:
Number of copied bytes, not characters.
const char* Glib::ustring::data ( ) const
bool Glib::ustring::empty ( ) const

Returns true if the string is empty.

Equivalent to *this == "".

Returns:
Whether the string is empty.
iterator Glib::ustring::end ( )
const_iterator Glib::ustring::end ( ) const
ustring& Glib::ustring::erase ( size_type  i,
size_type  n = npos 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::erase ( )
iterator Glib::ustring::erase ( iterator  p)
iterator Glib::ustring::erase ( iterator  pbegin,
iterator  pend 
)
size_type Glib::ustring::find ( const ustring str,
size_type  i = 0 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find ( const char *  str,
size_type  i,
size_type  n 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find ( const char *  str,
size_type  i = 0 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find ( gunichar  uc,
size_type  i = 0 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find ( char  c,
size_type  i = 0 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find_first_not_of ( const ustring match,
size_type  i = 0 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find_first_not_of ( const char *  match,
size_type  i,
size_type  n 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find_first_not_of ( const char *  match,
size_type  i = 0 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find_first_not_of ( gunichar  uc,
size_type  i = 0 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find_first_not_of ( char  c,
size_type  i = 0 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find_first_of ( const ustring match,
size_type  i = 0 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find_first_of ( const char *  match,
size_type  i,
size_type  n 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find_first_of ( const char *  match,
size_type  i = 0 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find_first_of ( gunichar  uc,
size_type  i = 0 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find_first_of ( char  c,
size_type  i = 0 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find_last_not_of ( const ustring match,
size_type  i = npos 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find_last_not_of ( const char *  match,
size_type  i,
size_type  n 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find_last_not_of ( const char *  match,
size_type  i = npos 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find_last_not_of ( gunichar  uc,
size_type  i = npos 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find_last_not_of ( char  c,
size_type  i = npos 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find_last_of ( const ustring match,
size_type  i = npos 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find_last_of ( const char *  match,
size_type  i,
size_type  n 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find_last_of ( const char *  match,
size_type  i = npos 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find_last_of ( gunichar  uc,
size_type  i = npos 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::find_last_of ( char  c,
size_type  i = npos 
) const
template <class T1 >
static ustring Glib::ustring::format ( const T1 &  a1)
inlinestatic

Format the argument to its string representation. Applies the arguments in order to an std::wostringstream and returns the resulting string. I/O manipulators may also be used as arguments. This greatly simplifies the common task of converting a number to a string, as demonstrated by the example below. The format() methods can also be used in conjunction with compose() to facilitate localization of user-visible messages.

double value = 22.0 / 7.0;
Note:
The use of a wide character stream in the implementation of format() is almost completely transparent. However, one of the instances where the use of wide streams becomes visible is when the std::setfill() stream manipulator is used. In order for std::setfill() to work the argument must be of type wchar_t. This can be achieved by using the L prefix with a character literal, as shown in the example.
// Insert leading zeroes to fill in at least six digits
Parameters:
a1A streamable value or an I/O manipulator.
Returns:
The string representation of the argument stream.
Exceptions:
Glib::ConvertError
Since glibmm 2.16:
template <class T1 , class T2 >
static ustring Glib::ustring::format ( const T1 &  a1,
const T2 &  a2 
)
inlinestatic
template <class T1 , class T2 , class T3 >
static ustring Glib::ustring::format ( const T1 &  a1,
const T2 &  a2,
const T3 &  a3 
)
inlinestatic
template <class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 >
static ustring Glib::ustring::format ( const T1 &  a1,
const T2 &  a2,
const T3 &  a3,
const T4 &  a4 
)
inlinestatic
template <class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 , class T5 >
static ustring Glib::ustring::format ( const T1 &  a1,
const T2 &  a2,
const T3 &  a3,
const T4 &  a4,
const T5 &  a5 
)
inlinestatic
template <class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 , class T5 , class T6 >
static ustring Glib::ustring::format ( const T1 &  a1,
const T2 &  a2,
const T3 &  a3,
const T4 &  a4,
const T5 &  a5,
const T6 &  a6 
)
inlinestatic
template <class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 , class T5 , class T6 , class T7 >
static ustring Glib::ustring::format ( const T1 &  a1,
const T2 &  a2,
const T3 &  a3,
const T4 &  a4,
const T5 &  a5,
const T6 &  a6,
const T7 &  a7 
)
inlinestatic
template <class T1 , class T2 , class T3 , class T4 , class T5 , class T6 , class T7 , class T8 >
static ustring Glib::ustring::format ( const T1 &  a1,
const T2 &  a2,
const T3 &  a3,
const T4 &  a4,
const T5 &  a5,
const T6 &  a6,
const T7 &  a7,
const T8 &  a8 
)
inlinestatic
ustring& Glib::ustring::insert ( size_type  i,
const ustring src 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::insert ( size_type  i,
const ustring src,
size_type  i2,
size_type  n 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::insert ( size_type  i,
const char *  src,
size_type  n 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::insert ( size_type  i,
const char *  src 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::insert ( size_type  i,
size_type  n,
gunichar  uc 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::insert ( size_type  i,
size_type  n,
char  c 
)
iterator Glib::ustring::insert ( iterator  p,
gunichar  uc 
)
iterator Glib::ustring::insert ( iterator  p,
char  c 
)
void Glib::ustring::insert ( iterator  p,
size_type  n,
gunichar  uc 
)
void Glib::ustring::insert ( iterator  p,
size_type  n,
char  c 
)
template <class In >
void Glib::ustring::insert ( iterator  p,
In  pbegin,
In  pend 
)
bool Glib::ustring::is_ascii ( ) const

Check whether the string is plain 7-bit ASCII.

Unlike any other ustring method, is_ascii() is safe to use on invalid UTF-8 strings. If the string isn't valid UTF-8, it cannot be valid ASCII either, therefore is_ascii() will just return false then.
Returns:
Whether the string contains only ASCII characters.
size_type Glib::ustring::length ( ) const

This is the same as size().

ustring Glib::ustring::lowercase ( ) const

Returns a new UTF-8 string with all characters characters converted to their lowercase equivalent, while honoring the current locale. The resulting string may change in the number of bytes as well as in the number of characters.

size_type Glib::ustring::max_size ( ) const
ustring Glib::ustring::normalize ( NormalizeMode  mode = NORMALIZE_DEFAULT_COMPOSE) const

"Normalize" the Unicode character representation of the string.

Glib::ustring::operator std::string ( ) const
inline
ustring& Glib::ustring::operator+= ( const ustring src)
ustring& Glib::ustring::operator+= ( const char *  src)
ustring& Glib::ustring::operator+= ( gunichar  uc)
ustring& Glib::ustring::operator+= ( char  c)
ustring& Glib::ustring::operator= ( const ustring other)

Assign the value of another string to this string.

Parameters:
otherA source string.
ustring& Glib::ustring::operator= ( const std::string src)
ustring& Glib::ustring::operator= ( const char *  src)
ustring& Glib::ustring::operator= ( gunichar  uc)
ustring& Glib::ustring::operator= ( char  c)
value_type Glib::ustring::operator[] ( size_type  i) const

No reference return; use replace() to write characters.

void Glib::ustring::push_back ( gunichar  uc)
void Glib::ustring::push_back ( char  c)
const std::string& Glib::ustring::raw ( ) const
inline
reverse_iterator Glib::ustring::rbegin ( )
const_reverse_iterator Glib::ustring::rbegin ( ) const
reverse_iterator Glib::ustring::rend ( )
const_reverse_iterator Glib::ustring::rend ( ) const
ustring& Glib::ustring::replace ( size_type  i,
size_type  n,
const ustring src 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::replace ( size_type  i,
size_type  n,
const ustring src,
size_type  i2,
size_type  n2 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::replace ( size_type  i,
size_type  n,
const char *  src,
size_type  n2 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::replace ( size_type  i,
size_type  n,
const char *  src 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::replace ( size_type  i,
size_type  n,
size_type  n2,
gunichar  uc 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::replace ( size_type  i,
size_type  n,
size_type  n2,
char  c 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::replace ( iterator  pbegin,
iterator  pend,
const ustring src 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::replace ( iterator  pbegin,
iterator  pend,
const char *  src,
size_type  n 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::replace ( iterator  pbegin,
iterator  pend,
const char *  src 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::replace ( iterator  pbegin,
iterator  pend,
size_type  n,
gunichar  uc 
)
ustring& Glib::ustring::replace ( iterator  pbegin,
iterator  pend,
size_type  n,
char  c 
)
template <class In >
ustring& Glib::ustring::replace ( iterator  pbegin,
iterator  pend,
In  pbegin2,
In  pend2 
)
void Glib::ustring::reserve ( size_type  n = 0)
void Glib::ustring::resize ( size_type  n,
gunichar  uc 
)
void Glib::ustring::resize ( size_type  n,
char  c = '\0' 
)
size_type Glib::ustring::rfind ( const ustring str,
size_type  i = npos 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::rfind ( const char *  str,
size_type  i,
size_type  n 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::rfind ( const char *  str,
size_type  i = npos 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::rfind ( gunichar  uc,
size_type  i = npos 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::rfind ( char  c,
size_type  i = npos 
) const
size_type Glib::ustring::size ( ) const

Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any null-termination.

Returns:
The number of UTF-8 characters.
See also:
bytes(), empty()
ustring Glib::ustring::substr ( size_type  i = 0,
size_type  n = npos 
) const
inline
void Glib::ustring::swap ( ustring other)

Swap contents with another string.

Parameters:
otherString to swap with.
ustring Glib::ustring::uppercase ( ) const

Returns a new UTF-8 string with all characters characters converted to their uppercase equivalent, while honoring the current locale. The resulting string may change in the number of bytes as well as in the number of characters. For instance, the German sharp s "ß" will be replaced by two characters "SS" because there is no capital "ß".

bool Glib::ustring::validate ( ) const

Check whether the string is valid UTF-8.

bool Glib::ustring::validate ( iterator first_invalid)

Check whether the string is valid UTF-8.

bool Glib::ustring::validate ( const_iterator first_invalid) const

Check whether the string is valid UTF-8.


Friends And Related Function Documentation

bool operator!= ( const ustring lhs,
const ustring rhs 
)
related
bool operator!= ( const ustring lhs,
const char *  rhs 
)
related
bool operator!= ( const char *  lhs,
const ustring rhs 
)
related
ustring operator+ ( const ustring lhs,
const ustring rhs 
)
related
ustring operator+ ( const ustring lhs,
const char *  rhs 
)
related
ustring operator+ ( const char *  lhs,
const ustring rhs 
)
related
ustring operator+ ( const ustring lhs,
gunichar  rhs 
)
related
ustring operator+ ( gunichar  lhs,
const ustring rhs 
)
related
ustring operator+ ( const ustring lhs,
char  rhs 
)
related
ustring operator+ ( char  lhs,
const ustring rhs 
)
related
bool operator< ( const ustring lhs,
const ustring rhs 
)
related
bool operator< ( const ustring lhs,
const char *  rhs 
)
related
bool operator< ( const char *  lhs,
const ustring rhs 
)
related
std::ostream & operator<< ( std::ostream os,
const Glib::ustring utf8_string 
)
related

Stream output operator.

Exceptions:
Glib::ConvertError
std::wostream & operator<< ( std::wostream os,
const ustring utf8_string 
)
related

Wide stream output operator.

Exceptions:
Glib::ConvertError
bool operator<= ( const ustring lhs,
const ustring rhs 
)
related
bool operator<= ( const ustring lhs,
const char *  rhs 
)
related
bool operator<= ( const char *  lhs,
const ustring rhs 
)
related
bool operator== ( const ustring lhs,
const ustring rhs 
)
related
bool operator== ( const ustring lhs,
const char *  rhs 
)
related
bool operator== ( const char *  lhs,
const ustring rhs 
)
related
bool operator> ( const ustring lhs,
const ustring rhs 
)
related
bool operator> ( const ustring lhs,
const char *  rhs 
)
related
bool operator> ( const char *  lhs,
const ustring rhs 
)
related
bool operator>= ( const ustring lhs,
const ustring rhs 
)
related
bool operator>= ( const ustring lhs,
const char *  rhs 
)
related
bool operator>= ( const char *  lhs,
const ustring rhs 
)
related
std::istream & operator>> ( std::istream is,
Glib::ustring utf8_string 
)
related

Stream input operator.

Exceptions:
Glib::ConvertError
std::wistream & operator>> ( std::wistream is,
ustring utf8_string 
)
related

Wide stream input operator.

Exceptions:
Glib::ConvertError
void swap ( ustring lhs,
ustring rhs 
)
related

Member Data Documentation

const size_type Glib::ustring::npos = std::string::npos
static